One of those Gaelic tongue-twisters, I’m afraid. The cnap bit (meaning “lump”) is pronounced “crap”. (No, really.) The whole thing is ˈkraʰp ˈxɯ:xən ˈaʰtʲɪn, “lump of the juniper stream”. (If the phonetics move you no farther forward, you can listen to a Gael pronouncing the name here.) Caochan Aitinn, the juniper stream itself, rises west of the hill and flows south into Glen Loin. I confess I didn’t make the journey to check it for juniper bushes.
When you stand in the car park (NJ 164176) at the starting point of the approach up Strath Avon, you’re a mere 375 metres below the summit of this little hill. Unfortunately, the estate road goes up and down quite a lot, adding an extra 150 metres of re-ascent, coming and going, so you end up climbing the thing almost as if from sea level.
It’s a fine route for striding, though—first along the well-surfaced estate road, and then on one of the many 4×4 tracks that serve the grouse moor. I actually could have got my Subaru to within a 100 metres of the cairn, if I’d been that way inclined and the estate had permitted. Turning might have been awkward, though.
A small detour up a muddy path took me to the local Queen Victoria’s Viewpoint, which is a pleasant enough view up Strath Avon, but not one of her best.
Queen Victoria’s View; Ben Avon visible in the distance (Click to enlarge)
The hay meadows beside the river were marked with the interwoven trampled tracks of trespassing deer—one of which had lingered long enough for me to take a quick photo. I kept an eye on the river whenever I could, in the hope of a kingfisher, a dipper or even an otter—but no luck.
Click to enlarge
At Auchnahyle, a bridge took me across the river and up the hill towards the neat buildings of Wester Gaulrig, after which there was a descent to the ford on the Allt Bheithachan. I think the name of the stream references the birch (Gaelic beithe) trees that still fill the lower part of its valley, but I don’t know Gaelic well enough to be sure. The ford was calf-deep after heavy overnight rains, but it was easy enough to walk upstream a little to the confluence with the Caochan Deas (“south stream”), at which point I was able to jump across each burn in turn.
The bridge at Auchnahyle (Click to enlarge)
Beyond that, it was out on to the rolling grouse moor. It has to be said that the weird artificial duoculture of heather + grouse isn’t the most inspiring landscape to walk through, especially when it’s threaded with multiple access tracks. But I did get to see a lot of grouse, some of them even perched unsuspectingly on the grouse butts from which they will be slaughtered later in the season. The young grouse were just fledging—those lower on the hill were capable of flight, bursting up from the heather and scattering in all directions like a plump brown fireworks display. But higher up, the younger ones were still running around madly when surprised on the path, while their anxious parents shuttled back and forth, dragging a wing to create a distraction.
Looking up Strath Avon towards Ben Avon (Click to enlarge)
Near the summit, I heard a snipe drumming somewhere, and encountered a golden plover that wouldn’t quite sit still long enough for a good photo of its summer plumage. But mainly, it was wall-to-wall grouse.
Ben Avon, Beinn a’ Bhuird and The Sneck (Click to enlarge)Strath Avon and Ben Rinnes (Click to enlarge)
The summit’s a good viewpoint for the tors of Beinn a’ Bhuird and Ben Avon to the south, and up towards the Hills of Cromdale, Ben Rinnes and Corryhabbie Hill in the north, though it’s a bit cluttered with some sort of strange wind- and sun-powered installation.
Summit clutter obscuring Ben Avon (Click to enlarge)
And then, I went back the way I came. More panicky grouse.
Robert Smith: Grampian Ways Neil Ramsay & Nate Pedersen: The Mounth Passes
It is clear enough where the Grampians begin; no-one is certain where they end. The limits of the range have been as elastic as the whims of cartographers, so that the word “Grampian” has become an uncertain scrawl on many maps.
Robert Smith Grampian Ways (1980)
These books are about the old Mounth roads—traditional mountain crossings in the southeast Highlands of Scotland, used by cattle drovers (and raiders), soldiers and travellers for centuries. Some are now covered in tarmacadam and have become major roads; some have been so far abandoned that they’re difficult to find on the ground, let alone the map.
I’ve written already about the origin of the mountain name Grampians, and the variable extent of the mountain ranges to which that name has been applied. Both these books tie it fairly firmly to those Scottish hills that have been called “The Mounth”—south of the Dee, east of the Cairnwell pass. And both are careful to mention the names “Grampian” and “Mounth” in their titles—Smith’s book’s full title is Grampian Ways: Journey Over The Mounth; Ramsay and Petersen call theirs The Mounth Passes: A Heritage Guide To The Old Ways Through The Grampian Mountains.
Smith casts his net a little beyond this strict definition, extending his travels as far west as Drumochter, and straying north of the Dee on either side of the Cairngorms—taking in the Minigaig connection to Glen Tromie, and the old tracks connecting Braemar and Balmoral to Tomintoul. Ramsay and Pedersen, on the other hand, keep to the traditional Mounth area, but find more routes to write about—the minor routes of the Elsick, the Stock, the Builg and the Kilbo Path don’t feature in Smith’s book.
That’s not the only difference between the two books. Smith’s was published in 1980, Ramsay and Petersen’s in 2013; Smith’s is a conventional paper book, Ramsay and Petersen’s an e-book that looks to be self-published (it has no ISBN or publisher listed in the colophon); Smith’s is a chatty personal account, running to 260 pages, Ramsay and Petersen’s is almost telegraphic by comparison (56 pages, containing many photographs, on my e-reader).
Robert Smith was a journalist who lived in Aberdeen. He wrote Grampian Ways while he was still working as the editor of the Aberdeen Evening Express. After his retirement in 1984 he went on to write much more about the history of the area around Aberdeen, which he clearly loved. His obituary, which appeared in the Scotsman newspaper in 2008, gives a good summary of his life and works.
Grampian Ways is personal. Smith had been walking these hills for many years before he wrote it. Although each chapter describes a specific journey on foot over one of the Mounth passes, they’re full of reminiscences about other days in the same hills, too. Smith often stops along the way to chat—we learn not just the names of two children he encounters, but also the name of their dog. He tells us the story behind ruined cottages, fallen bridges, standing stones and old place-names as he goes. He quotes at length from the writings of others who travelled here—Robert Burns, Lewis Grassic Gibbon and Queen Victoria prominent among them. And he embeds the tracks in history—where the cattle drovers came from, why they travelled, and where they stopped along the way; which army crossed which pass, and what the result of that was; and where exactly Queen Victoria stopped for a picnic. His writing radiates warmth and affection for the area, its people and its history. He also has an ear for memorable quotations—among other sources, he picks lines from a pseudonymous 1880 essay in the Aberdeen Journal, written by “Dryas Octopetala” and “Thomas Twayblade”*, describing an ascent of Lochnagar, during which “the gale would not permit the uplifting of an umbrella, even on the lee side of the cairn” and “the rain, when you faced it, hit in the face like showers of pease”.
The book is illustrated with some rather muddy black-and-white photos (pretty standard for the date of publication), and by some nice full-page maps.
Neil Ramsay and Nate Petersen worked on the Heritage Paths project in Scotland, Ramsay as Project Officer and Petersen as a volunteer. (I’ve already had occasion to link to the excellent Heritage Paths website when I wrote about the Steplar path recently.) They have previously written about the Mounth roads for Leopard magazine, and they revised and assembled those articles to produce this book. The book also features photographs of the Mounth routes taken by Graham Marr, who maintains a rather gorgeous Flickr page featuring Scottish hill photography.
Each route is described in two ways—first with a potted history of its use over the centuries, topped and tailed by a couple of Marr’s photographs; and then by a brief “route survey”, giving the grid references of the start and finish points and a short text describing the route, illustrated by more photographs. The photographs are excellent, but on my e-book reader are too small to appreciate fully; the same applies to a coloured map of all the routes at the start of the book.
The history necessarily covers much of the ground already trodden by Smith, but there is also a lot of new material. For instance, with reference to Jock’s Road, between Glen Doll and Glen Callater, Smith writes: “There has never been any explanation of how it got its name, or if, in fact, there was ever a Jock at all.” But Ramsay and Petersen report: “Considering the age of Jock’s Road, which has been used for centuries, the name is actually quite recent. A local shepherd in the 19th century, John ‘Jock’ Winter, lent his name to the pass and it stuck.” While Smith refers only to a “bothy” on Jock’s Road, Smith and Petersen give the history of various shelters at that point, culminating in the present bothy which glories in the name of Davy’s Bourach†. Ramsay and Petersen are also better at tracing the history of the Mounth routes as record in maps of the area over the centuries—taking advantage, I suspect, of easy access to the National Library of Scotland‘s magnificent on-line map archive, which has featured more than once on these pages.
The “route surveys” are very brief—single paragraphs, in the main, providing no more than the dots to be connected when consulting a large-scale map.
So these are very much complementary works—Smith has the wider scope, a leisurely approach, historical and personal digressions, apt quotations, and more detailed maps. Ramsay and Petersen are more up-to-date, fill in some gaps in Smith’s history, cover routes in the core area that Smith doesn’t mention, provide grid references, and of course have the benefit of being able to easily reproduce Marr’s colour photography.
Bachnagairn in Glen Clova – described by Smith, but not Ramsay and Petersen
* According to the Dictionary of Anonymous and Pseudonymous English Literature, “Dryas Octopetala” was Alexander Copland, and “Thomas Twayblade” was Thomas R. Gillies. They both turn up listed as members in the Transactions of the Aberdeen Philosophical Society in the late nineteenth century—Copland as a “merchant” and Gillies as an “advocate”. Presumably both were amateur botanists—Dryas octopetala is the Mountain Avens; the Twayblade is an orchid. † Ramsay and Petersen don’t explain what a bourach is. It’s a Scots word meaning “a complete mess, a shambles”. There’s a Gaelic word, buarach, which refers to a fetter tied around the hind legs of a cow during milking. if you picture the process of milking a stroppy cow with its rear legs tied together, you’ll get the idea of what a bourach looks like.
The Crow Craigies Climbing Party originated in the late 1970s, back during the Cold War when “CCCP” was an initialism known to all.* This alternative CCCP wasn’t so much of an Evil Empire, more of a small group of Dundonian school friends, just starting to wander around in the hills accessible from Dundee by public transport.
The “Crow Craigies” part refers to a lump in the undulating plateau between Glen Doll and Glen Callater—easy to get to for Dundee-based walkers, but on occasion difficult to actually find in poor visibility, being no more than one lump among several.
The friends eventually scattered; marriages, children and careers dominated lives for a while … and then in 2003 the CCCP was reborn, now in the form of a bunch of middle-aged guys with their own transport and a tendency to rent holiday cottages rather than camp.
This year’s trip took us to Bonar Bridge, for some hills in the Far North of Scotland—the five routes shown below.
The landscape doesn’t particularly lend itself to multi-hill days, consisting mainly of big individual lumps sticking up out of ancient bedrock. But what it did lend itself to, unusually, during our visit, was easy bog-trotting. Two weeks without rain had dried out the peat hags, and it became something of an obsession to exploit this opportunity for the easy crossing of otherwise difficult ground.
We went up Ben Hope from the bridge at Alltnacaillich (“stream of the old woman”). Someone had just turned the river on when we arrived—the completely dry streambed was beginning to fill with water just as we crossed it, and we found a little dam further up the glen. We swung away east of the usual route, avoiding the eroded path on the way up. Plans to return to our starting point by the Leitir Mhuiseil were abandoned as the heat of the day ramped up—we all ran short of water, and so dipped steeply down the “tourist route” to refill our bottles from the Allt a’ Mhuiseil.
Trig point, Ben Hope, looking across Ben Loyal to Morven on horizon
A surprisingly tame deer on Ben Hope (Click to enlarge)
For Ben Klibreck we found some roadside parking near a handy bridge across the River Vagastie (NC 537288). The bogs below Loch Bad an Loch were dry, giving easy access to the south end of Klibreck’s long ridge. A marvellously engineered stalker’s path circumvented Creag an Lochain, taking us the summit at Meall nan Con with a minimum of up-and-down.
Ruined shieling just below summit of Ben Klibreck (Click to enlarge)
Contouring stalker’s path on Ben Klibreck (Click to enlarge)
Ben Loyal is the only igneous bit of landscape in the vicinity, decorated with some fine rocky summit tors. We exploited the dry bogs by coming at it from the east, where it’s easy to pull a car off the road at Lettermore. A rough 4×4 track goes from Lettermore as far as NC 603476, where it splits. On the way down, we discovered that the right fork is the better option, taking you high on to the hillside below Creige Riabhaich, from where it’s easy to cross to the main ridge at the outflow of Loch na Creige Riabhaich.
We climbed in mist and thin drizzle, only to break out above a cloud inversion just above Loch na Creige Riabhaich. This gave glorious views from the summit on An Caisteal (aptly named “the castle”), and from the tor at Sgor Chaonasaid.
An Caisteal on Ben Loyal (Click to enlarge)
The view from An Caisteal (Click to enlarge)
Cloud inversion at the trig point (Click to enlarge)
Sgor Chaonasaid from An Caisteal (Click to enlarge)
We made a classic traverse of Ben Stack—westward along Strath Stack from the estate buildings at Achfary, then up the steep western side of the mountain, along its narrow summit ridge, and down the eastern ridge, which is ideally angled for ambling. Dry bogs in the lower reaches made the return to the road easy. The ascent was enlivened by a visitor from RAF Lossiemouth—a Tornado GR4 blasted past, slightly below us, seemingly a stone’s throw from the mountain (I didn’t test this hypothesis), and performing a victory roll as it went.
Ben Stack from the west (Click to enlarge)
Climbing the western face of Ben Stack (Click to enlarge)
Summit ridge of Ben Stack (Click to enlarge)
Descending towards Loch More along summit ridge of Ben Stack (Click to enlarge)
Meall an Fheur Loch (NC 361310, 613m) Meallan a’ Chuail (NC 344292, 750m) Beinn Leoid (NC 320295, 792m)
There’s another fine stalker’s path that gives access to the hills around Beinn Leoid from the watershed above Loch More. There’s room for three cars in a flat space beside a passing place at NC 358333, provided the first two cars are parked considerately. We followed the path until it turned below Meall an Fheur Loch, and then we struck off uphill in a biting easterly wind. From there, easy traverses to Meallan a’ Chuail and then Beinn Leoid. Another nice path took us down into the corrie of Loch Dubh—but following it to the roadside would have brought us out on the shores of Loch More, a good five kilometres from the car. Time for another bog traverse! We contoured across the hillside for a couple of kilometres to connect to our original path beside Lochan a’ Chuail, and then yomped cheerily back down the way we’d come up.
Upper Loch Shin from Meallan a’ Chuail (Click to enlarge)
Ben More Assynt and Conival from the slopes of Ben Leoid (Click to enlarge)
Descending to Loch Dubh (Click to enlarge)
Finally, despite all that walking, the best glimpse of wildlife on the whole trip came from a chance encounter behind the Spar shop in Lairg:
Black-throated Diver on Little Loch Shin (Click to enlarge)
* When I was a kid, I owned a little Russian enamel badge commemorating the impact of Lunik 2 on the Moon in 1959. It was my pride and joy, and I wore it in the lapel of my school blazer. People in Dundee didn’t get to see a lot of Cyrillic back in the early ’60s, and they didn’t recognize “CCCP” as being the Russian equivalent of “USSR”. So they’d ask me, “What does the CCCP on your badge stand for?” And I’d intone in my best Russian accent, “Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik.” Which was hardly informative.
With hindsight, I can only acknowledge that I was quite an annoying child.
The guidebooks usually send you in to Cook’s Cairn from the south—from Tomnavoulin up Glen Livet and Glen Suie. But I wanted to walk in from the east, along part of the old drove road called The Steplar.
There was enough room to run the car off the road and on to a little patch of grass verge just short of the farm of Aldivalloch (Allt a’ Bhealaich, “the stream of the pass”). A gate above the farm takes you out into sheep pasture and a track across the grassland which isn’t marked on the map, but which is easy to pick out on Google Earth. Beyond the ruined farm of Hillhead of Largue, this joins the vehicle track marked by the Ordnance Survey. I marched upwards in thick mist, until I reached the deer fence that runs along the ridge-line. The gate stood wide open.
At this point, I was standing in the vicinity of the depressingly named Dead Wife’s Hillock. According to the ScotlandsPlaces database:
It is said that during the famine in the end of the 17th Century ‘the seven ill years,’ a woman was found dead there, who had perished of want, with a child alive sucking her breast, and that it had since retained this name.
From that point of ill-repute, it’s a 140-metre descent to the ford on the Black Water (NJ 330266). As I began to descend, the mist burned off and I suddenly found myself under blue sky, looking down into a still-misty glen with a bright fogbow forming an arch across the path ahead of me. They’re difficult to photograph, especially with a compact automatic camera—the photo below is the best of several efforts, showing the left end of the bow where it reaches the ground:
Click to enlarge
I had a contingency plan if the ford proved tricky—there was a bridge marked on the map (NJ 340285) at Blackwater Lodge, a couple of kilometres downstream. But after a fortnight of dry water, the river was so low I barely got my boots wet:
Click to enlarge
The Steplar track now climbs 200 metres on to the southern shoulder of Cook’s Cairn (Thiefsbush Hill—this was once bandit country), before descending into Glen Suie. The track at this point was a mess, and looks like it might have been abandoned by the Glenlivet Estate—at time of writing (June 2016) it’s impassible for vehicles because of landslips low down, and massive water erosion higher up:
Click to enlarge
At the highest point on the track, I peeled off northwards, and struck off uphill across easy ground to the top of Cook’s Cairn, which is a fine viewpoint:
Click to enlarge
I was running ahead of schedule, so decided to drop off the eastern shoulder, Hill of Dorenell, for a look at Blackwater Lodge and its bridge. Dorenell turned out to be a maze of peat hags, which would make tedious going under normal conditions. But after the dry weather I was able to stroll along the dry bottoms, winding my way through the two-metre deep hags dry-shod. Then I made a direct line downhill, aiming for the little patch of forest around the Lodge. The lodge buildings looked derelict, with broken glass in their windows, and the track down to the bridge was heavily overgrown. I was beginning to have a bad feeling about the likely state of preservation of the bridge.
Click to enlarge
My misgivings proved justified—the wooden bridge bed had partially fallen into the river, and what remains of the crossing is not much more than a couple of tilted girders (which still seem solidly enough bedded, for now).
Click to enlarge
I tightroped across one of the girders, my balance a little disturbed by the sight of water flowing below, and then set off upriver to rejoin the Steplar track. (I had toyed with the idea of climbing up on to Round Hill to see if there was another way through the deer fence on the ridge, but I quite fancied a riverside stroll instead.)
About a kilometre up the track, I was pulling out my camera for a photograph of the river, when I heard a high-pitched wheeping noise from somewhere near my left foot. It was a grouse chick, hunkered down and almost perfectly camouflaged on the bare ground. Had it been abandoned? But I could now also hear the anxious crooning of an adult bird somewhere nearby. After one quick photo I trotted off to let the birds reunite undisturbed.
Click to enlarge
I never did get my planned photograph of the river.
Glen Clova. I parked at Braedownie, paid the parking charge (one of many things that has changed in Clova since I started coming here), and set off up the glen towards the little woodland glade at Bachnagairn.
The footbridge above Moulzie, at NO 277788, was swept away in the December floods*, so the route to the head of the glen stays west of the river South Esk all the way at the moment—first up a waymarked forest path, then by a new (and correspondingly faint) trod in the riverside grasslands as far as the vehicular ford just north of Moulzie, and then by the usual old vehicle track.
Remains of the bridge Click to enlarge
At Bachnagairn, I struck off uphill through the forest to the southwest. The little patch of forest here was planted as a wind-break for a shooting lodge, now long dismantled. Bachnagairn is bac na gharain, “hollow of the crying one”, and the “crying one” is the wind. Despite the relatively high altitude and occasional wind damage, the larches seem to be thriving—the forest has visibly enlarged in the forty years I’ve been coming this way.
They’ve been doing a lot of maintenance work on the paths up here, so it felt slightly churlish to go off-piste. But I wanted to take a look at a feature marked on the map with the marvellous name of Glittering Skellies. A skellie is a ridge of rock. The rock here is mainly schist, which takes on a reflective sheen in the sunlight. And, sure enough, I encountered a couple of modest rock ridges and a few erratics as I plodded uphill, all of them entirely unglittering on a rather overcast day. There certainly were bright inclusions here and there, and occasional seeps of water that might create reflections.
The Skellies refuse to glitter Click to enlarge
Looking due east, I was evident that the Skellies are visible from only a pretty limited area on the glen floor, just at the bend below the rocky ridge of The Strone. Someone down there must have been regularly up and about in the early morning, to catch the occasional glitter from these rocks.
View from the Glittering Skellies Click to enlarge
Then across the peaty outflow of Loch Esk. A stag posed on the skyline on the Craigs of Loch Esk, and a mountain hare darted away, its footfall generating a surprisingly loud, hollow drumbeat on the dry peat.
Next stop was the Fafernie Shiel. A shiel is a small building associated with summer pasturage. (The 1902 Ordnance Survey six-inch map also marks “Airlie’s Sheil” beside Loch Esk, but I saw no sign of it as I passed through.) The Fafernie Shiel is still visible, but as no more than the remains of four walls. It sits beside the Fafernie Burn (actually quite a healthy river), which takes its name from the Gaelic feith fearnach, “alder bog”—I saw plenty of bog, but no alders.
Fafernie Shiel Click to enlarge
Then gently up on to Craig of Gowal, with an unhappy view down the glen towards a thickening roof of dark cloud. The wind was blowing up the glen towards me, and by the time I had reached Cairn of Gowal, it had brought the cloud to me—the summit of Broad Cairn disappeared, and Cairn Bannoch to the north-west kept fading in and out of view as cloud flowed across the col. The temperature dropped by five degrees, and I added an extra layer of clothing.
Cairn Bannoch disappears in the cloud Click to enlarge
I climbed Creag an Dubh-Loch in poor visibility, pretty sure I was going to miss the hoped-for view down into the Dubh Loch, but I was lucky—I was able to exploit the occasional gap in the cloud to catch a glimpse of the dark depths. Dubh Loch is the “black loch”—Queen Victoria took a fancy to it, and dispatched James Giles to make a painting of it in 1849. (If you click on the link to the painting, you’ll no doubt be interested to know that I was peering down from the cliffs on the left-hand side.)
A glimpse of the Dubh Loch Click to enlarge
I also bemused a ptarmigan long enough to take its photograph.
Click to enlarge
Then across to the neat little summit tor of Broad Cairn, where I encountered a nice couple from Cumbria, sitting disconsolately in the mist. They asked me if I though the cloud would clear, and I assured them gloomily that I had seen black cloud roofing the whole glen to windward, so the current state of affairs was sure to persist for the next few hours at least. At which point the sun came out, the cloud blew away, and within a minute we were sitting in the middle of a sunlit panorama. So that was nice, although it rather undermined my pose as a wily old hill-sage.
The cliffs of Creag an Dubh-Loch from Broad Cairn Click to enlargeLoch Muick from Broad Cairn Click to enlarge
We sat for a while, enjoying the sunshine, and then I clattered off down the awkward boulder-field on Broad Cairn’s east shoulder. The path below the boulders is now a huge scar on the mountainside, which took me down to Allan’s Hut—a high-altitude shelter for stalking ponies. It’s quite a complicated affair nowadays, with its own little paddock and a bench (labelled “Sandy’s Seat”) against its north wall. I remember its predecessor, a dilapidated wooden structure, missing multiple planks and apparently disused. In 1979, I arrived there at sunset with my friend Steve, and we pitched a tent inside it, the guy-ropes passing through gaps in the wall to be pegged down outside. So I was delighted to see that the tradition continues—in his (now apparently vanished) Heights of Madness blog, Jonny Muir described doing the same thing in 2009, with a modern tent inside the new building.
From there, a re-engineered path took me back to the bridge at Bachnagairn. The path looked like something the Incas would have been proud of. And big bags of stone littered the opposite hillside, around the connecting path to Jock’s Road. There’s obviously a lot of very welcome work being done to repair path erosion around here, and some of that work presumably comes from the £2 I feed into the parking meter at Braedownie from time to time.
I wonder what they’ll do about the washed-out bridge?
The lovely Roy Tait Memorial Bridge at Bachnagairn – with the loss of the bridge above Moulzie, the next bridge across the South Esk is five kilometres downstream
*Note added in 2020: The washed-out bridge has now been replaced with a nice new one, and the nascent path on the west side of the river is returning to nature.
Our journey will begin, like so many great explorers before us, in the kitchen.
Tristan Gooley is, according to his website, a “natural navigator”—by which he means that he navigates using nature, not that he’s just intrinsically good at navigating. He set out his stall with his first book, appropriately entitled The Natural Navigator, which is all about navigating using the sun and stars, the land and water, the plants and animals. And Gooley is an equal-opportunities naturalist—he’s quite prepared to navigate around town using the orientation of satellite TV dishes (they generally point southeast in the UK) and the route of helicopters (they’re legally required to avoid over-flying built-up areas as much as possible, so have a tendency to follow rivers through the city).
How To Read Water is his third book about natural navigation, a successor to the compendious The Walker’s Guide to Outdoor Clues and Signs. As the title suggests, this one zeroes in on water in the environment—and, in trademark style, Gooley is just as happy picking up directional clues from the behaviour of ships as he is from the distribution of puddles. He’s also refreshingly relaxed about what “natural navigation” actually means to the people who read his books—he knows that most of us are going to read this stuff out of curiosity about the outdoor environment, and few will actually throw away their GPS and compass. That’s fine with Gooley—although the book is loosely structure around the “natural navigation” concept, what shines through is a simple delight in just being out in the world, with a heightened awareness of the subtle cues that nature always provides.
The subtitle hints at the structure of the book—Clues, Signs and Patterns from Puddles to the Sea. Gooley starts small, with a glass of water in the kitchen, and expands the view steadily from puddles to rivers to lakes to ocean waves, currents and tides. Interspersed are digressions on the sound of water, the behaviour of fish, navigating at sea using the stars, the marking of ship navigation channels, and many other things.
Indeed, it begins to feel like a bit of a rag-bag. There has to be a diminishing return to this sort of book, and with this third volume I occasionally felt that Gooley was casting around for almost any unused material that he could roughly align with the concept of “water”. The chapter entitled “Rare and Extraordinary” is a case in point, containing a wild assortment of briefly noted phenomena that have something to do with water, but not much to do with navigation—for example, it includes short notes on flying fish, braided rivers, and amphidromes (points in the open ocean that experience a back-and-forth or round-and-round tidal flow, rather than a change in water level). He even mentions the green flash, an atmospheric optical phenomenon which has essentially nothing to do with water at all, and he addresses it so briefly that you can find out much more about it from my own humble offering on the topic. It’s not clear to me why this chapter is included at all.
But the book has taken on such a wide remit that I think there’s something here for everyone, although I also suspect that most readers will encounter a chapter or two that they find themselves skipping through in frustration. (For me, that was the chapter entitled “Shipwatching”.)
That aside, there are two undoubted delights to be had. One is finding out something entirely new, as I did when Gooley discussed the anatomy of a beach, and the origin of rips and undertows. The other (perhaps even more satisfying) is encountering something that you have been vaguely aware of for a long time, but which Gooley sets out in clear detail—a definite “Ah-ha!” moment. For me, that moment came during Gooley’s discussion of the anatomy of rivers. As a hillwalker, I’ve been crossing upland rivers for decades, and am often successful at finding a safe crossing-place over even initially unpromising-looking volumes of water. What I’m doing, it turns out, is exploiting a natural alternation in rivers between riffle and pool—I’m unconsciously seeking out the rapidly moving shallow sections (“riffles”) that are easier to cross than the deeper, slower pools. I’ve also long had an aversion to starting a river crossing on the inside of a meander loop, aware that I’m likely to find myself wading into deeper water as I progress. Gooley explains this phenomenon in terms of the thalweg, the line of maximum flow, which tends to stray towards the outer bank of a curving river.
And I learned some new words, which any reader of this blog will know is a Fine Thing. For instance, the tendency of some deciduous trees to retain their brown leaves throughout the winter (think of all those messy beech hedges, stuffed with dead leaves) is called marcescence. Which, I find after a bit of my own research, comes from the Latin marcere, “to be faint or languid”.
Occasionally things go wrong. If “a cube of water as tall and deep as the average person” weighs “almost three tonnes”, then an average person is about 1.4 metres tall (around 4 feet 7 inches). And I found the explanation of tides a little garbled, mixing gravity and centrifugal force in a way that wasn’t at all clear.
But over all, as with his previous books, there’s much to delight and enlighten. It’s an entertaining gallop through the complexities of hydrodynamics. On which topic, I’ll sign off with a statement attributed (perhaps apocryphally) to the physicist Horace Lamb, which Gooley quotes appreciatively:
I am an old man now, and when I die and go to Heaven there are two matters on which I hope for enlightenment. One is quantum electrodynamics, and the other is the turbulent motion of fluids. About the former I am rather optimistic.
Horace Lamb, at a British Association meeting in 1932
So, a bit of a change from the micro-level route-finding that’s been preoccupying me in the Sidlaws. This one’s a big, striding hill, tucked up the back of Blair Atholl, in that rather nebulous region referred to as “the Grampians”. The name of the hill is pronounced viˈɑnəx, Gaelic for “middle”. In hillwalking terms, it’s in the middle between two Munros, Beinn Dearg and Carn a’ Chlamain; geographically it’s in the middle between two glens, Gleann Diridh and Gleann Mhairc.
I walked up Glen Tilt, starting in the car park at Old Bridge of Tilt (NN 874662). Straight across the road and through a gateway takes you on to the main drag up the west side of the glen—a wide forest track with the River Tilt rushing through its steep-sided glen on the right.
On the map, it looks like you could stay on the west side of the Tilt all the way up to Glen Mhairc, but that would get you in amongst the Danger Area marked around the Croft Crombie rifle range. I’ve no idea how well that might go, and don’t intend finding out. So I crossed the Tilt on the Cumhann-leum Bridge. The name means “narrow leap”—the river didn’t look quite narrow enough for a running jump at the bridge crossing, but there’s presumably a narrow spot nearby.
The Tilt at the Cumhann-leum bridge
Then, safely past the rifle range, I crossed back across the Tilt at Gilbert’s Bridge (the Ordnance Survey omits the apostrophe, but the bridge is named with the possessive both as a Listed Building and on the ScotlandsPlaces geographical database). So far, I’ve had no luck finding out who Gilbert was, but he must have lived a long time ago—Historic Environment Scotland dates the bridge to 1759, so it’s older than a lot of countries.
From here, the way north is through an odd little gate that looks like something out of a low-budget 1970s science fiction TV series. A little way beyond that, you can save a bit of up-and-down by dropping off the main forest track on to a path that branches eastwards at NN 880701 and rejoins the main track at NN 883707. It takes you through clear-felled forestry on the flat-lands next to the Tilt, but you exchange easy walking on the up-and-down for tussocky, boggy stuff underfoot. You also pass below the ruined settlement of Ach Mhairc Bhig, of which more later.
Next, there’s lovely open woodland and sheep-mown grass, taking you down to the Allt Mhairc and the Ach-mhairc bridge. Uphill to the left are more ruins, the abandoned settlement of Sean-bhaile, which means “old town”. And across the river are more tumbled stone walls, Ach Mhairc Mhoir. Ach is a shortened form of achadh, a field or enclosure. So it looks like we have the old settlement of Sean-bhaile flanked by two enclosure systems, the small one at Ach Mhairc Bhig, and the large one at Ach Mhairc Mhoir (beag and mor being “small” and “great”, respectively). There were houses at all three locations.
Ruins of Ach Mhairc Mhoir
The Canmore archaeological reference website has this to say about Ach Mhairc Mhoir and Sean-bhaile:
At NN 8866 7125 is the depopulated settlement of Ach’ Mhaire [sic] Mhoir, comprising twenty-seven buildings, four corn-drying kilns and several enclosures within an area of lazy-bed cultivation and clearance heaps. The remains vary from grass covered footings 0.5m high to drystone walls 1.5m high suggesting two phases of depopulation, the first beginning about 1850.
It’s from here that you get your first glimpse of Beinn Mheadhonach, as you walk north across rough pasture-land towards something marked on the map as the “New Bridge”. Given the age of Gilbert’s Bridge, “new” is a relative term, here—I find it marked on the 1867 Ordnance Survey six-inch map. There are trees growing out of its parapets. It’s not clear what it was used for. It obviously served the Sean-bhaile settlements, but even on the 1867 map, the track stops at the bridge—there’s no continuation on the far side of the river. I wonder if it was a way of getting animals safely across to graze on the slopes of Beinn Mheadhonach, which is otherwise moated in on either side by two rivers. But I’m open to suggestions or further information.
The “New” Bridge
From the bridge, there’s a path all the way to the top, braiding here and there into multiple slots in the heather. The path I followed didn’t correspond to the zigzag marked on the OS 1:25,000. Higher up, at NN 878738, there’s a fork to the right that takes you around to the east side of the ridge. I found a nice cairn and shelter along there, but couldn’t quite figure out where the path was going, so struck off up-slope to rejoin the ridge-line path.A little cairn marks the summit, which is actually at NN 879754.
The OS marks a 901m spot height at the north end of the summit ridge at NN 880758, and those are the summit coordinates given by the Scottish Mountaineering Club (I’ve also used them at the head of this post), but on the ground it’s obvious that the southern end of the ridge is a couple of metres higher.
View of the summit cairn from the north
But I wandered over to the 901m point for the sake of the view down into the remote head-waters of the Tarf. (And, well, you know, just to be sure I was at the top.)
North towards the headwaters of the Tarf
It was at this point that I realized that I hadn’t had anything to eat or drink during the three hours it had taken me to walk this far. Indeed, I hadn’t had anything to eat since the previous evening. I’d climbed the hill on a seventeen-hour fast. I mention this not because I think it’s remarkable or impressive (impressively disorganized on my part, I suppose). In fact, it used to be pretty commonplace—Tom Weir‘s book Highland Days is full of accounts of epic, multi-Munro days during the 1930s, pulled off while provisioned with water from the burns and a slice of bread he happened to have in his pocket. Nowadays, though, I seem to keep meeting people who think they’ll probably just die on the hills if they don’t have a constant supply of water, electrolytes and low-glycaemic-index carbs. But humans spent millions of years having to get up and trot about a bit on an empty stomach before they got anything to eat—turns out our physiology is still pretty good at managing that.
Anyway, it was blowing a hoolie on the top—at one point my sunglasses were blown clean off my face. So I dropped all the way back down to the blessed calm of the New Bridge for lunch. On the way down, I ran into another stone shelter, apparently assembled from the remains of an old stone wall that crosses the ridge at an altitude of 790m. But this one’s about big enough for an average dog, so I’m not sure what its function is.
Then back down the track to the car. It was a poor day for wildlife—a solitary stag and one grouse high on the hill; a couple of lizards in a scuttling, hyperactive frenzy on the warm, sunlit path; pheasants and a raven heard in the forest; and successive pairs of agitated chaffinches who supervised me as I passed their nests.
When I got back to the car, I was surprised to see that my GPS thought I’d ascended over a thousand metres. There’s 750 metres difference between the car park and the summit, and a fair bit of up and down along the track, but it didn’t feel that much. When I transferred the data to Anquet’s Outdoor Map Navigator (which has its own internal terrain model), I got essentially the same result, 1025m. But counting contours along the length of the track suggests that’s an overestimate—I can’t really find much more than an extra 100m of up and down in each direction, so I’ve trimmed the total ascent to 950m at the head of this post. I think the extra height comes from a GPS positional error as I passed through the trees, making it look as if I went up and down a bit more than I actually did. Whatever—you should certainly reckon on climbing more than the bare 750m quoted in the SMC’s Corbetts guidebook.
I wouldn’t normally trouble you with such a piddling little pre-lunch stroll. But it’s a pretty place, part of a community project, and (situated as it is in the wilds of the Rhins Peninsula) I suspect it doesn’t get much passing trade. So if you’re in the vicinity of Stranraer, have an hour to spare and fancy a walk, drop by and stick some cash in their collection box.
Aldouran Glen is a little wooded cleft to the west of Leswalt village. There are a couple of signposts as you pass along the main street, and a little car park just off the B7043, at NX 017636. (But we parked outside the community hall in Leswalt.)
First there’s a little community garden (that’s where the collecting box is), then a causeway across a patch of wetlands, and then a bird hide neatly positioned between woodland and wetland, so that you can peer out at waterfowl on one side, and tree-nesting birds and squirrels on the other side.
Beyond that, a well-made path takes you into the woods. I’ve never seen so much wild garlic in one place in my life—the smell beneath the trees was like walking into an Italian kitchen.The woodland is quite open, full of birdlife and scampering squirrels, and featured intermittent carpets of bluebells when we passed through.At the head of the glen, you climb gently out on to a farm track, and then into a lane with high hedgerows on either side.This takes you back out on to a minor road running down the hill west of Leswalt, with views out into Loch Ryan to the east. The traffic is occasional and slow, but you do need to take a bit of care while walking around the blind corners.
And in springtime, you get the second great smell of the walk—a torrent of coconut wafting up from the flowering gorse on the hillside.
Our results demonstrate that an autonomous soft exosuit can reduce the metabolic burden experienced by load carriers, possibly augmenting their overall gait performance.
The overall reduction in work associated with walking is around seven per cent—”something you can just about feel”, according to one of the authors (Walsh), quoted in The Times. That’s in line with previous studies of other devices, which the authors mention in the Discussion section of their paper (my link takes you to the full-text, Open Access article).
Whipple sees an application to hillwalking:
It will be just enough, in other words, that you can turn up at your local Ramblers’ Association and make the other walkers feel inadequate, without also making them suspicious.
All this is very gratifying to me, since I invented the device (fictionally, at least) a good 23 years ago, when I wrote a story entitled “Lachlan and the Bionic Long-Johns”, in which my hero Lachlan McLoughlin takes on various hill challenges while wearing something rather similar. My version worked rather better (that’s the joy of fiction, of course), and you can see it in action in Chris Tyler‘s lovely cartoon on the rear cover of my (long out-of-print) book Munro’s Fables (TACit Press, 1993):(You can nowadays find the story in the e-book The Complete Lachlan or the paperback The Complete Lachlan & Walking Types.)
I can’t really claim all the credit, though. The idea of a powered exoskeleton has been around since at least 1959, when Robert Heinlein described a full-body version in his novel Starship Troopers.
Berry Hillock (NO 372444, 282m [trig. point]) Carlunie Hill (NO 365432, 340m) Ark Hill (NO 357426, 340m) Unnamed Point 328 (NO 359408, 328m) Denoon Law (NO 355444, 210m) Crams Hill (NO 368450, 237m)
Denoon Glen is the next glen west from Glen Ogilvie, site of my snowy floundering last week. So the purpose of this excursion was to explore the ridge between Denoon and Ogilvie, which I’d baled out of when the snow got too trying last time.
Horses take an interest in the car
Denoon has a narrow ribbon of tarmac running up its floor, and at first sight there’s not much sign of potential access to the ridge across the farmland. Or, indeed, many places to park a car off the road. I rolled on to the grass verge at NO 368446, and walked back to a gate at NO 369447, which gave access to an empty field. At the top of the field, another gate let me into a sort of no-man’s land around the forestry plantation—a narrow strip of tussocky ground flanked by the forestry fence on one side, and the fence around a field full of sheep and lambs on the other. Apart from a bit of gorse, this was easy going, and it took me straight up to the boundary fence that runs along the crest of the ridge. At NO 371443 there is a space where a gate has been, now traversed by nothing more than two strands of barbed wire. In the absence of any other fence wire, it’s easy to duck through the gap between the two strands, provided you remember to take your rucksack off first.
Access to Berry Hillock – up right side of forestry
And that was it—not many minutes after leaving the car, I was on top of Berry Hillock. The trig point is at 282m, but the ground is higher to the southwest.
The boundary fence follows the ridge to Carlunie Hill. Given that the fields on the east side of the fence were unoccupied, while those on the west contained sheep and lambs, I stayed on the east side. Three fences run up the slope from the Middleton farms, but none of them created a problem for me. The first, bordering a little patch of forestry, was in poor repair, and I stepped over a section that was missing its top wire. At the second, someone had wrapped a fertilizer bag around a section of the top barbed wire, creating an easy crossing point. And at the third, right at the summit of Carlunie Hill, the wire had been stapled deliberately low, and a chunk of fence-post was position to create a sort of stile.
It’s good striding country—springy turf and views on either side into the domesticity of Glen Ogilvie and the Denoon Glen.
Good walking – Carlunie Hill from Berry Hillock
Carlunie was bunny city, and panic was rampant as I ambled down the ridge towards Ark Hill. There was a wall in the way, which turned into a fence farther west. Between the end of the wall and the start of the fence there was a gap, at NO 363427. Ark Hill is dominated by stonking great wind turbines, and the rounded summit was noisy with their constant whump-whump-whump. I’ve walked with people who are reduced to frothing fury by the sight of a wind turbine, but I guiltily confess I quite like them. I do wish they weren’t quite so effective at killing bats, though.
The tower on Kinpurney Hill framed by the Ark Hill wind farm
Down, then, to a gate at NO 357423, and another at NO 358422. This brought me out at the head of the track that comes up from Chamberwells in Glen Ogilvie. In the other direction, I had access to the service road for the wind turbines, though I don’t know where the bottom end of that comes out.
But I wanted to head a bit farther south, to the head of the Denoon Glen below Auchterhouse Hill. This involved me in a gate-finding detour, eventually finding one at NO 364414, some distance down the Piperden Burn. Then onwards, through the remains of old slate-quarrying activities to the top of a 328m hill that doesn’t seem to have a name, but should have—it’s a nice vantage point.
Despite the fact this area is served by 4×4 tracks coming up from Glen Ogilvie, the Denoon Glen and across the main Sidlaw ridge, it has a feeling of remoteness to it. The sun came out. Curlews sang. I whistled a bit as I walked down to the little bridge over the Haining Burn at NO 357405. From here, I could follow farm tracks and tarmac all the way back to the car.
In his book, The Sidlaw Hills, David Dorward describes this area as a “favourite haunt of smugglers”, and says that the remains of their bothies are still visible. I didn’t see any bothies, but it’s easy to see that this was a good route if you wanted to get into Dundee unobtrusively from the north.
The Haining bridge, set among primroses
It was a nice stroll back down the glen. There’s an interesting feeling to be had from these low-level hills—a descent from windswept grouse moor to cosy farmland in the space of just a couple of kilometres.
Just beyond Easter Denoon farm, I swerved off the road to make a traverse of the odd little lump of Denoon Law, which is crowned with the ramparts of an Iron Age fort. The raised rim and central dip of the summit give the place the feel of a volcanic crater, albeit one full of mildly astonished sheep—I don’t think they get many visitors up there.
Denoon Law
And then, just after Holemill, I took another swerve. It occurred to me that I might be able to get back to the car by going up and over Crams Hill.
Coming from the west, as I did, the summit is guarded by two fences. The first is easily circumvented if you go up through the woodland on the northwest side and then step through a gap in the wall. But the second is a serious and forbidding construction—a deer fence with an electric fence inside it. The top of the hill is only about 50m inside this fence, in the middle of rolling green pasture. This otherwise empty pasture was being grazed by a solitary deer, oblivious to the irony of her location.
Well, there had to be a gate at the other end, otherwise no-one could get in and out. My map showed that the (deer-fenced) woodland to the southeast contained a track that might bring me out at the far end of this vexatious pasture. Could I get to it? Turns out I could. The deer-fence protecting the forestry had a single low section in it, easily stepped over. Curiously, someone (or something) had prised up the bottom of this section, to create a crawl-way. I obviously wasn’t the first person to come this way.
The mysterious crawl-way
Anyway. Into the forest and along the path, to pop out at a pair of gates that took me into the pasture. All I had to do was step over a strand of the electric fence. It was at knee-height. I’d been stepping over higher stuff all day. Odd how the prospect of an electric shock made it so much harder to step over. I was actually halfway over, one leg in the air, when I realized I was clutching the metal gate for support. Brilliant—the only thing worse than a tickle from an electric fence is a tickle from an electric fence while connected to a lump of earthed metal.
But I survived unshocked. Walked up the field along a narrow path trodden into the grass. Admired the view from the top, which was pretty much indistinguishable from the view to be had on the other side of the fence. Went back to the gates and the electric fence. Survived the crossing again. And then just dropped pretty much straight down to the road along a forest path that was marked on the 1:25,000 map.
Now that was the way I should have gone up in the first place …